West Bank where the antelope roam

Audubon and San Diego Zoo ally for Wildlife

 By Benjamin Alexander-Bloch, NOLA.com | The Times-Picayune 

“Habitat around the world is being destroyed and we have a road to change that.” - Ron Forman.

The Audubon Nature Institute and San Diego Zoo Global on Tuesday morning announced a groundbreaking partnership, called the Alliance for Sustainable Wildlife, that could help rebuild threatened species for generations to come. The partnership's 1,000-acre breeding site in Algiers, which will be one of the largest in the United States, is based on the model that certain animals will more easily breed, and will breed with more genetic diversity, when they can roam in large herds or flocks.

"Habitat around the world is being destroyed and we have a road to change that," said Audubon President and CEO Ron Forman. "This is a model for zoos in the future, as we hope other zoos will join in similar collaboration efforts."

Threatened animals such as the Mississippi Sandhill crane, African eland and bongos already call the research center home. Masai giraffes, okapis, cranes, pelicans and sable and roan antelopes will be some of the first to take up residence.

Tucked away in the dense, hardwood forest in lower coast Algiers along the Mississippi River that some compare to Jurassic Park, the Freeport-McMoRan Audubon Species Survival Center originally opened in 1993 and Audubon already has put about $30 million into its development. Forman said San Diego Zoo Global will put in another $10 million over the next 5 years for more capital improvements. Audubon and the San Diego Zoo Global will share operating costs.

Forman said he expects to hire up to 100 new employees in the next five years to help run the refuge. Construction, slated to begin this fall, will include building two 50-acre enclosures and eight 25-acre enclosures, with some enclosures possibly housing multiple species.

New breeding programs are slated to begin in 2014. While the general public will not be able to visit the refuge, it is likely universities will be given access and eventually classroom field trips might be offered, Forman said.

For the last 15 years or so, the Audubon Center for the Research of Endangered Species, or ACRES, has been the main facility on the 1,000-ace tract, with its mission to specialize in assisted reproductive technology.

Some of ACRES achievements have been the birth of an African wildcat born as a result of an embryo transfer to a domestic cat, cloned caracal kittens and the birth of a fluorescent cat.

Since 2003, the center also has worked to help rebuild the population of whooping cranes by producing fertile eggs. The ACRES program has produced about 15 fertile eggs that have hatched, according to Megan Savoir, the Audubon crane program coordinator. In 2011, there were only about 570 whooping cranes worldwide.

While zoos and aquariums around the nation often work together to help repopulate just one species, such as the Smithsonian's work with cheetahs, the partnership between Audubon and San Diego marks the first time two organizations are tackling conservation on such a broad scope, according to Bob Wiese, chief life sciences officer of the San Diego Zoo Global. While large-scale breeding programs do exist, such the Fossil Rim Wildlife Center in Texas, they are run by only one institution, as opposed to an alliance.

"It's history being made," said Doug Myers, president of San Diego Zoo Global. "We think this is the right thing to do, we think these are the right people to do it with, and so we think we can do this right."

Rick Gulley, a New Orleans native who is Chairman of the Board of the Zoological Society of San Diego, explained that "animals that live in herds or flocks, by their very nature need to roam, roam to form large social groups, and roam to breed."

Endangered cats born through assisted reproduction at Audubon Center for Research of Endangered SpeciesThe Audubon Center for the Research of Endangered Species showed off their latest success story Friday, March 11, 2011 of two rare African black-footed cats born through IVF frozen/thawed embryo transfer.

Wiese added that larger groups of animals - and the large space needed to house such large groups - also allow for more genetic diversity in the species which also can lead to more sustainable populations. He added that it also lets animals pick their own mates, and could provide them with the skills needed if they were ever released back into the wild.

"We can't wait until it is tool late, or nearly to late, to rescue these animals," said Jim Maddy, the president of the nonprofit Association of Zoos & Aquariums. "We need robust populations... and adequate levels of genetic diversity within these populations to maintain the viable continuation of these species."

"We have to do these kind of things, and we have to do it together, cooperatively," Maddy added.

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Baby otter may have been victim of oil spill

Abandoned baby otter must be taught to swim by Slidell wildlife rehabilitation specialist

Published: Monday, September 05, 2011, 11:00 AM

By Suzie Hunt 

Clairese, an orphaned North American river otter, is full of energy, precocious and a bit headstrong. Her foster family hopes these qualities will assist her in making it, when she is returned to the wild.

South East Wild Life RefugeClairese is one of the many rescued animals that have found refuge with the South East Wildlife Refuge.

Clairese was just 2 weeks old when she became a foster otter child of Michelle Carollo, president of the South East Wildlife Rescue and a licensed wildlife rehabilitator. The baby otter had been discovered in a den made by her mother under a woodpile at Bobby Lynn's Marina, on the Louisiana coast. "The mother was never found, and she was so small her eyes weren't open yet," Carollo said.

The small North American river otter showed signs of neurological damage in her back legs, and the rehabilitative specialists believe the mother might have been exposed to the Gulf oil spill, with the damage being done in utero. Along with the standard care given to orphaned wildlife, Carollo consulted with experts at SeaWorld for suggestions on the special care needs for the young river otter.

Now 7 months old, Clairese has shown improvement, and Carollo and her husband, Charles, also a wildlife rehabilitation specialist, are hopeful she will be able to be released in the wild in a few months. The Carollos have cared for more than 200 animals, everything from raccoons, squirrels, a bobcat and a wild boar since starting South East Wildlife Rescue.

One of the more interesting aspects of this particular foster is Michelle Carollo actually had to teach Clairese to swim.

"River otters spend about 80 percent of their time on land. The mothers teach their babies to swim. So we had to teach Clairese," Carollo explained. "She had a fear of the water, just like some babies. At first, she would just cling to me. We had to get her used to the water, then teach her to hold her breath and then to float. It took about a week."

As cute and charming as Clairese is, Carollo is quick to point out she is still a wild animal with a set of long, sharp teeth.

"They can be very aggressive and possessive of food and toys," said Carollo. "They use their sharp teeth to crack open crabs, crawfish and shrimp." As a member of the same family as ferrets and skunks, river otters also have a spray mechanism for defense.
If Clairese continues to progress and her leg issues are resolved, she will be transitioned to a normal river otter habitat and set free.

"Right now, we place her food outside in hiding places so that she has to learn to hunt for it. She has also started hunting herself, for foods like frogs," said Carollo. "Once we know her leg issue is resolved, we will transition her to an outdoor facility that's exposed to the elements and where she will have minimal contact with humans. Then the next step is to hopefully place her with other river otters."

If Clairese's leg problems continue, she may need to go to a facility such as SeaWorld, where she could live with other river otters in a protected environment, she said.

Although Clairese considers Michelle Carollo her mother and rarely leaves her side, the little river otter has a whole family of caregivers. Along with Charles, the Carollo's daughter, Sydney, is a big help, as well as Michelle's parents, Charlene and Ray Partridge.

"We put our house up for sale earlier this summer and are in the process of building a house. We did not expect it to sell so fast. So when we moved in with my parents, they welcomed Clairese as well. They are a big help, especially when I am at work," said Carollo, Director of Women and Children Services at Slidell Memorial Hospital.

At the new house, the Carollos are adding a small building in the back to act as an intake center for South East Wildlife Refuge. The building, about 1,000 square feet, will help them expand their mission.

"With our nursing backgrounds, we get a lot of calls from rehabbers with animals in need of medical care. We can help them with critical issues and then return the animals back to them to complete the rehab process," Carollo said.

The more than 40 licensed wildlife rehabilitators in the state are unpaid volunteers and go through extensive training to be licensed. They also make presentations to community groups and schools about their programs and the importance of having habitat to support wildlife.

"We receive no reimbursement for the services we provide. Everyone does it out of the kindness of their hearts and their love of wildlife," said Carollo. She admits the cost of food, medicine and veterinary services add up.

Two ways the community can help the nonprofit Southeast Wildlife Refuge is by sponsoring an orphaned or injured animal through food donations or funds.

"We would love to have a seafood market sponsor Clairese. Her diet consists mainly of fresh fish, crawfish, shrimp and crabs. Although she's a young river otter, she's got a good appetite," said Carollo. "Any donations toward her diet would be helpful."

Another need is for release sites when it's time to return an animal back to the woods, river or bayou. The organization has to have the permission of landowners to release the animal on the property, Carollo said. The organization's priorities are to rescue, rehab and release.

Until that day comes for Clairese, she is content to swim in her kiddy pool and hunt in the Partridge's backyard, according to her foster mom.

"Since we started working with Clairese, we received other calls about otters. We now have plans to put a pond in our new backyard near the rehab building," Carollo said.

Animal sponsorships are available for as little as $25 and are tax-deductible. For information about South East Wildlife Rescue or to sponsor an animal, e-mail Michelle Carollo at sewildliferescue@yahoo.com or visit www.sewildliferescue.org.

© 2011 NOLA.com. All rights reserved.